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CJEU - C-199/12, C-200/12 and C-201/12, Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel v X, Y and Z
Country of applicant: Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda
Keywords: Persecution (acts of), Persecution Grounds/Reasons, Well-founded fear, Membership of a particular social group, Discrimination, Sexual orientation

LGBTI asylum seekers (1) may be members of particular social group, (2) cannot be expected to conceal or restrain their expression of sexual orientation to reduce risk of persecution. (3) All criminalisation does not per se amount to persecution, but imprisonment actually applied does.

Date of decision: 07-11-2013
Relevant International and European Legislation: Art 1A (2),Art 1,Art 4.3,Art 9.2,Art 10.1 (d),Art 2 (k),Art 9.3,Art 4.4,Recital 3,Recital 10,Recital 17,Art 13,Art 9.1,Recital 16,Art 2 (c),Article 1,Article 2,Article 4,Article 7,Article 18,Art 5.1,Art 49.1,Art 49.2,Article 8,Article 14,Article 15
CJEU - C-71/11 and C-99/11 Germany v Y and Z
Country of applicant: Pakistan
Keywords: Assessment of facts and circumstances, Persecution Grounds/Reasons, Serious harm, Standard of proof, Religion

This cases concerns the interpretation of Article 2(c) and Article 9(1)(a) of the Qualification Directive in a case where the two Applicants are Pakistani nationals who are members of the Ahmadi religious community and fear persecution there on the basis of religion.

Date of decision: 05-09-2012
Relevant International and European Legislation: Art 1A (2),Art 1,Art 2,Art 9,Art 10,Art 4,Art 6,Art 3,Recital 3,Recital 10,Recital 17,Art 13,Recital 16,Article 2,Article 4,Article 10,Article 49,Art 5.1,Article 9,Article 15
ECtHR- A.A. v. Greece, Application no. 12186/08, 22 July 2010
Country of applicant: Palestinian Territory
Keywords: Detention, Effective remedy (right to), Inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Refugee Status, Material reception conditions

The European Court of Human Rights held that there was a violation of Article 3 of the Convention with regards to the applicant’s living conditions in the detention centre of Samos and the authorities’ lack of diligence to provide him with the appropriate medical assistance. Furthermore, it found a violation of Article 5 para 1 and 4 regarding the lawfulness of his detention and his right to liberty.

Date of decision: 22-07-2010
Relevant International and European Legislation: EN - Asylum Procedures Directive, Council Directive 2005/85/EC of 1 December 2005,Article 3,Article 5,Article 29,Article 34,Article 41,Article 44,EN - Reception Conditions Directive, Directive 2003/9/EC of 27 January 2003