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Germany, CJEU, J.B. and Others v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, C 364/22, 25 May 2023.
Country of applicant: Lebanon
Keywords: Internal protection, Manifestly unfounded application, Subsequent application, Subsidiary Protection, Withdrawal of protection application

Rejection of the re-application of Lebanese nationals as inadmissible "subsequent applications" under Directive 2013/32/EU.

Date of decision: 25-05-2023
Relevant International and European Legislation: Art 15 (c),Art 15 (a),Art 15 (b),Art 18,Art 17.2,Art 17.1 (c),Art 17.1,Art 17.1 (d),Art 17.1 (b),Art 17.1 (a),Article 2,Article 33,Article 40,Art 17.3,Article 18,Article 19
Belgium - Council for Alien Law Litigation, X v. Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, No. 258 932, 02/08/2021
Country of applicant: Ivory Coast
Keywords: Country of origin information, Persecution Grounds/Reasons, Inadmissible application

HIV-related marginalisation and discrimination can reach the threshold of seriousness to establish persecution but is not sufficient to be granted international protection. In order to benefit from international protection, it must be established that there are personal reasons for a well-founded fear of being persecuted due to HIV-contamination. In this context, seropositivity can be regarded as being part of a social group, which is a valid persecution ground.  In the case at hand, the Court took into account aspects of vulnerability which are unrelated to HIV-status.

Date of decision: 02-08-2021
Relevant International and European Legislation: Art 1,Art 15 (c),Art 15 (a),Art 15 (b),Art 2 (e),Art 4.1,Art 7.2,Art 4.2,Art 4.3,Art 9.2,Art 4.3 (e),Art 10.1 (a),Art 18,Art 23.2,Art 24.2,Art 10.1 (d),Art 2 (k),Art 12.2 (c),Art 10.1 (e),Art 9.3,Art 10.1 (b),Art 3,Art 4.4,Art 9.2 (f),Art 4.3 (c),Art 6 (c),Recital 6,Recital 7,Art 8.1,Art 8.2,Art 4.3 (a),Art 4.3 (b),Art 4.3 (d),Recital 1,Recital 2,Recital 3,Recital 4,Recital 5,Recital 8,Recital 9,Recital 10,Recital 17,Recital 18,Recital 21,Recital 24,Recital 25,Recital 26,Art 13,Art 2 (g),Art 7.1 (a),Recital 27,Art 5.1,Art 4.5,Art 23.4,Art 31,Art 39,Art 1A,Art 10.2,Art 10.1 (c),Art 12.2,Art 12.3,Recital 11,Recital 22,Art 17.2,Art 17.1 (c),Art 9.1,Art 32,Art 9.2 (b),Art 9.2 (c),Art 7.1,Art 12.2 (b),Art 12.2 (a),Art 11.1 (d),Recital 16,Recital 12,Recital 13,Para 201,Para 77,Art 5.2,Art 19.1,Art 16.1,Art 12.1 (a),Art 17.1,Art 19.3 (a),Art 19.3 (b),Art 20.3,Art 17.1 (d),Art 9.1 (a),Art 2 (c),Art 9.1 (b),Art 12.1,Para 53,Art 38,Art 8.3,Art 14.3 (b),Art 14.3,Art 4.5 (d),Art 17.1 (b),Art 21.2,Art 9.2 (d),Art 2 (b),Art 12.1 (b),Art 14.2,Recital 20,Art 14.4 (b),Art 14.1,Art 14.5,Art 5.3,Art 11.1 (e),Art 20.6,Art 2 (h),Art 9.2 (a),Recital 15,Art 21.1,Art 2 (f),Art 14.3 (a),Art 11.2,Art 6 (a),Art 9.2 (e),Art 17.1 (a),Recital 14,Recital 19,Recital 23,Recital 28,Recital 29,Recital 30,Recital 31,Recital 32,Recital 33,Recital 34,Recital 35,Recital 36,Recital 37,Recital 38,Recital 39,Recital 40,Art 2 (a),Art 2 (d),Art 2 (i),Art 4.5 (a),Art 4.5 (b),Art 4.5 (c),Art 4.5 (e),Art 6 (b),Art 7.1 (b),Art 7.3,Art 11.1 (a),Art 11.1 (b),Art 11.1 (c),Art 11.1 (f),Art 14.4,Art 14.4 (a),Art 14.6,Art 16.2,Art 17.3,Art 19.2,Art 19.4,Art 20.1,Art 20.2,Art 20.4,Art 20.5,Art 20.7,Art 21.2 (a),Art 21.2 (b),Art 21.3,Art 22,Art 23.1,Art 23.3,Art 23.5,Art 2 (j),Art 24.1,Art 25.1,Art 26.1,Art 26.2,Art 26.3,Art 26.4,Art 26.5,Art 28.1,Art 28.2,Art 29.1,Art 29.2,Art 29.3,Art 30.1,Art 30.2,Art 30.3,Art 30 (a),Art 30 (b),Art 30 (c),Art 30 (d),Art 30.4,Art 30.5,Art 30.6,Art 33.1,Art 33.2,Art 34,Art 35,Art 36,Art 37,Art 40,Article 10
Spain - High National Court, 25 March 2009, 993/2007
Country of applicant: Russia, Russia (Chechnya)
Keywords: Exclusion from protection, Humanitarian considerations, Inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Non-refoulement, Torture, Terrorism

The applicant lodged an appeal before the High National Court against the decision of the Ministry of Interior to refuse granting refugee status. The refusal was based on the application of an exclusion clause due to the applicant’s alleged membership of a terrorist group and for having committed serious crimes.

It was discussed whether this exclusion clause had been applied lawfully and also if, alternatively, the applicant could be authorised to stay in Spain for humanitarian reasons since, if he was expulsed, there was a risk of suffering inhuman or degrading treatment

Date of decision: 25-03-2009
Relevant International and European Legislation: EN - Qualification Directive, Directive 2004/83/EC of 29 April 2004,1951 Refugee Convention,Art 1A (2),Art 1F(b),Art 12.2,UNHCR Handbook,Para 155,Para 149,Art 17.1 (b),Para 156,Para 157,Para 176,Art 33.1,EN - Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms,Article 3